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Specify the values in this dialog, as shown. Click the Assign button. You can create instrumentation lines by picking them from the Instrument Lines section on the Lines tool palette. To create an electric signal line, click the Electric Signal line from the Instrument Lines section on the Lines tool palette. Select a point on the lower-left portion of the vessel.

Move the pointer toward left and select the second point. Move the pointer downward and select the third point. Move the pointer toward right and select a point on the vessel.

To place a field discrete instrument symbol, click the Field Discrete Instrument icon from the General Instruments section on the Instruments tool palette. Place it on the electric signal line.

Enter the tag information as shown in figure. Creating the Pneumatic Signal lines 1. On the Lines tool palette, under Instrument Lines section, click the Pneumatic Signal icon to create pneumatic lines. Select a point on the Temperature Indicator symbol. Connect the signal line with the control valve. Adding Off page connectors In this section, you add off-page connectors.

To add an off page connector, click the Non-engineering tab on the Tool palette. Click the Off Page connector icon on the Non-engineering tool palette. Select the end point of the line connecting the top portion of the vessel, as shown. You learn how to connect two off page connectors in the next tutorial.

Checking the Drawing 1. The program checks the drawing for any inconsistencies with the project. Click the Save button on the Quick Access Toolbar. Enter Tutorial 2 in the File name field and click OK. Create the symbol shown in below figure using the Line and Arc command. Do not dimension it. Dimensions are for your reference only. Select all the entities of the symbol by dragging a window.

Click OK. Next, you have to select the insertion base point. Select Midpoint from the shortcut menu. Select the midpoint of the lower horizontal line. Select the symbol and move it to the left side of the drawing sheet. Next, join then using the JOIN command.

Select the lines and click the right mouse button. Place a Centrifugal pump. Draw the pipeline connecting the equipment symbols. Creating the Secondary Line Segments 1. Click the Secondary Line Segments icon on the Lines tool palette and create the secondary line segments, as shown next.

Select the end point of the line connecting the heat exchanger, as shown. Connecting the Off page connectors 1. To connect off page connectors, select the off page connector located at the top left. The Create Connection window appears. You notice that the off page connector located in the Tutorial1. Press Enter.

The off page connector is connected. However, you notice that an error symbol appears at the end of the off page connector. The View Connected Off page Connector dialog appears. You notice that the Size and Spec fields are highlighted in this dialog. You need to specify the size and spec of the line connected to the off page connector of the Tutorial2. Click in the Size field, right-click, and then select Accept. The sizes of the two lines are matched.

Likewise, match the spec. Click the OK button to solve the error. Click the Save button on the Application Menu. Right-click on Tutorial1 in the Project Manager and select Open from the shortcut menu.

Applying Corners 1. To apply corners to a line, select the line connecting the bottom portion of the vessel. Select a point on the line to specify the corner point. Move the pointer downward and click to specify the second point. Select a point on the line to specify the side of the corner. The corner is applied to the line. Adding Gaps to lines In this section, you add gaps to lines.

Before adding gaps, you need to create lines passing over equipment. Create two lines passing through the heat exchanger, as shown. Click the Edit button on the Schematic Lines panel of the Home ribbon. Select the line passing over the heat exchanger. Select the Gap option. Select the first point of the gap.

Select the second point of the gap. Press Enter key to create a gap. Reversing the Flow Direction Sometimes you may create a line with wrong flow direction. For example, the line connecting the heat exchanger is created in the opposite flow direction, see figure below.

The flow direction of the line is reversed. To modify the line using grips, select the line; the Move Schematic line grips appear at the midpoints of the line. Select the Move Schematic line grip and move the line downwards. Select a point in line to the nozzle. The line is modified. The line is detached from the component. Note: You can also detach a line from a component by using the Detach option. Next, specify the end point of the line. To reattach the line to the component, click on the Continue grip and connect it to the component.

To substitute a valve symbol, select the Check valve placed on the line connecting the centrifugal pump. The Substitute grip appears on it. Click on the substitute grip to display various valve symbols. Select the Globe Valve. The Globe valve replaces the Check Valve. To substitute an instrument symbol, select the Temperature Indicator symbol connected to the vessel.

Click the Substitute grip. The instrument symbol is replaced. You can also substitute equipment symbols. However, you have to reconnect the pipelines after substituting.

For example, on substituting a centrifugal pump with a vertical inline pump, the pipeline is disconnected. You need to connect the pipelines using the grips. Do not close it. You need to use the Data Manager to view, export or import data.

The Data Manager appears as shown next. Various components of the Data Manager are shown in the figure. The Filter Data drop-down is used to select the type of data to be displayed in the Data Manager.

The data related to the selected type is displayed. The Data Manager toolbar is used to perform various operations such as import, export, view data and so on. The Data table is similar to a spreadsheet and displays data.

Filtering the Data 1. Open the Tutorial1. Click Current Drawing Data on the Filter data drop-down to view the data of the currently opened drawing file. Click Equipment from the Class tree to view all the equipment in the drawing, 5. Click Nozzles in the Class tree to view the nozzle data The nozzle data appear in the Data table.

To remove the filter, right-click in the Data table and select Remove Filter. Now, you need to add some information to the Data table. Add the manufacturer information in the Manufacturer column.

Exporting the Data 1. Export the data by clicking the Export button on the Data Manager toolbar. Click the Active node only option under Include child nodes. Click the Browse button and specify the location of the export file. In the Export To dialog, specify the file type using the File Type drop-down.

Click the Save button 6. Click OK to export the data. Browse to the location of the exported file and open it. Enter the Manufacturer information. Save the spreadsheet. Now, you need to import the spreadsheet. Click the Import button on the Data Manager toolbar.

In the Import From dialog, browse to the location of the spreadsheet and double-click to open the file. The Import Data dialog appears. Click OK to import the data. You notice that all the edited cells are highlighted in yellow color. Click the fifth row of the first column; the drawing is zoomed to the related nozzle. You notice that a revision cloud appears on the nozzle. In addition, revision clouds appear on other modified nozzles. Click the Accept button on the Data Manager toolbar to accept the edited value.

Click the Accept All button to accept all the edited values. Adding Annotations using the Data Manager 1. Click Equipment in the Class tree to display the equipment data.

In the Data table, click in the Description cell of the P component. Drag and place the description below the centrifugal pump. Make sure that the Tutorial 1 file is open. You notice that many nozzles have same tag information. Now, you need to assign a unique tag to each nozzle. You notice that tag information for nozzle N-1 to N-6 is already defined. Double-click in the N-1 cell in the Tag column. On the Assign Tag dialog, check the Parent Equipment. It shows P which is the www.

Type-in 7 in the Number box and click Assign. Likewise, assign tags to other nozzles, as shown. Save and close all the files. Tutorial 5 Defining a new Class In this tutorial, you create a block of a symbol and add it to the category list of the project. Start a new drawing by clicking the New button on the Quick Access toolbar. Create the symbol shown.

Select all the entities of the symbol. Click the Pick Point button on the Block Definition dialog. Select the center point of the circle as a base point. Click the OK button to create a block. Next, you need to define a new class using the Project Setup dialog.

To open a project, click the Open option on the drop-down in the Project Manager. Click the Project Setup button from the Project drop-down in the Project panel. Right-click on Pumps and click New.

The new class is displayed under the Pumps list. In this dialog, click the Browse button next to the Selected Drawings field. Click the Next button. Type Vacuum Pump in the Symbol Name edit box. Specify the other properties, as shown. Click the Finish button to add the symbol to the list. The block editor is opened.

Select the Parameters tab from the Block Authoring Palettes tool palette. Select the Point button from the tool palette Press and hold the Shift key and right-click to display the shortcut menu. Click Midpoint on the shortcut menu. Select the midpoint of the left vertical line.

Move the pointer toward left and click. Likewise, add another point on the right vertical line. Click on the yellow grip displayed on the left point, right click, and select Properties; the Properties palette is opened. Likewise, specify the Position name of the second point as AttachmentPoint2. Click the Close Block Editor button.

Next, you need to add this symbol to the tool palette. The Vacuum Pump is added to the tool palette. Adding Annotations to the Symbol www. To add annotations to the symbol, make sure that Equipment tag is selected in the drop-down available under Annotation.

Now you need to assign a format to the annotation. The Block Editor is opened. Click the Assign Format button on the Annotation toolbar. Select the Equipment Tag attribute from the graphics window; the Assign Annotation Format dialog appears. The Select Class Property dialog appears. Select Equipment Spec from the Property list.

Close the Block Editor and save the changes made. Click the Apply button. Type report in the search bar located on the left side of the taskbar. In this dialog, you can define the location of the report data. You can use the General option to define the default location. The Project option is used to define the report file location in the ReportFiles folder under the current project directory.

You can also use the Custom Path option to define the custom location for the report files. Select the General option from the Settings dialog and click OK.

Browse to location …. Click the Open button to the set the project for generating the reports. Select Linelist from the Report Configuration drop-down. Click the Preview button; the Preview window appears. You can also specify the export format of the report. You can also save the changes as a template. Click the OK button; the Save As dialog appears.

Specify the location of the template file. Close the Preview window. Click the OK button; the Export Results dialog appears.

View the report in a PDF file. Close all the files. The 3D model can be used to visualize a plant. Using the 3D model, you can create orthographic views, section, elevations, and isometric drawings. These drawings are updated when you modify the 3D model. Activate the Tutorial Project using the drop-down located on the Project Manager. In the graphics windows, click on the In-canvas tools located the top left corner and select SW Isometric. These commands are available on the Structure tab of the ribbon.

You can then use this structural model as a reference to design the plant model. If you want more complex structural model, you can create them in other applications such as Autodesk Revit and AutoCAD Architecture and import them.

You can learn about layers from the Help file. In this book, you will create layers and use them to arrange different objects of a plant 3D model. Click the New layer button on the Layer Properties Manager. Enter Grid in the Name field. Click the Color swatch of the grid layer; the Select Color dialog appears.

Likewise, create other layers, and then assign colors to them, as shown. Creating the Grid 1. Change the workspace to 3D Piping. Change the view orientation to SW Isometric. On the Layer Properties Manager, double click on the Grid layer to set it as current. Next, you have to type-in values in the boxes available on the dialog. Click the arrow button next to the Axis name box. You notice that the alphabets A, B, C, D are added.

These alphabets represent the grid names along the X-axis. The values in this box represent the grid spacing along the X-axis. You have to enter values separated by a comma. Click the arrow next to the Row name box. The values in the Row name box represent the grid names along the Y-axis.

These values define the grid spacing along the Y-axis. These values define the grid spacing along the Z-axis. They represent the grid names along the Z-axis. On the dialog, you can type-in a new value in the Font size box. The program changes the font size of the grid names.

Click Create to create a grid. Creating Footings 1. On the Status bar, click the down-arrow next to Object Snap icon and select the Endpoint, Node, and Intersection options. Disable all the other options. Click Settings in the command line. Leave the default dimensions of the footing and click OK. Click the lower intersection point of the grid in order to place the footing. Likewise, place the other footings.

Creating Structural Members 1. Activate the Orthomode on the Status bar. Alternatively, press F8 to activate the orthomode. Change the view orientation to Left. You can also set the orientation of the cross-section. Leave the other default values and click OK. Click the lower intersection point of the grid. Move the pointer up and click the intersection point between the vertical and horizontal grid line. The Member command creates a vertical structural member. You can select further points to create multiple members.

Move the pointer toward right and click the intersection point between the horizontal and vertical grid lines. The command creates a horizontal structural member. Move the pointer down and click the lower intersection point. Press Esc to deactivate the command. Click on the three structural members, and then click the right mouse button.

Select Copy Selection from the menu. Select the intersection points, as shown. The Copy command defines the destination points and places copies of the selected objects.

Create other vertical and horizontal structures. Create horizontal structures by selecting the intersections between the gridlines, as shown. Create horizontal structural members by selecting the intersection points between the vertical gridlines and second platform.

Click on the horizontal structural member located at the top. Click on the left end grip of the structural member. Move the pointer and click on the grid point, as shown. Click Undo on the Quick Access toolbar to restore the structural member to its original length. Click Total in the command line. This option sets a new length of the structural member. The Delta option specifies the increase in length of the structural member.

Select the horizontal structural member, as shown. The Lengthen Member command increases the total length of the member. Select the lengthened structural members to restore it to the original length. Create two horizontal structural members up to the left end. Extending the Structural Members 1. Change the view orientation to NW Isometric. On the Extend to plane dialog, select 3Points and click OK to define the method to create a boundary plane. Select the grid points, as shown in figure.

A boundary plane is set. Select the lower horizontal structural member, as shown in figure. The Extend Member command extends the structural members up to the boundary plane. You can select these options from the drop-down available on the Parts panel. These options are explained in the following illustrations.

Line Model www. Select the structural members and the grid, as shown. All the other objects except the selected ones are hidden. Select the grid intersection points, as shown. Select the portions to trim, as shown. The Trim Member command trims the structures by using the intersecting plane created by the three points. Using the Cut Back Member command 1. Zoom-In to the intersection between the members, as shown. Select the limiting member and member to cut.

The Cut Back Member command cuts the second selection. The Gap option adds a gap between the two members. Likewise, cut the other members, as shown. Select the two intersecting structural members. The Miter Cut Member cuts the structural members to form a corner. Miter the other corners. Using the Structure Edit command The Structure Edit command edits the structural members, stairs, ladders, grid, footings, and railings.

Click on the top horizontal structural members, as shown. On the Edit Member dialog, you can modify the properties of the structural member. Likewise, if you select any other type of the structural element, the dialog related to it would appear. You can modify the properties on the dialog and click OK.

On the Edit Member dialog, under the Orientation section, click the top center point of the cross-section. The orientation of the structural members is changed to the top center. Likewise, change the anchor points of the structural members on the bottom platform to the top center. Use the Cut Back Member command to cut the intersecting portions of the structural members.

Adding Platforms After creating the structural frame, you have to add platform to accommodate equipment. All elements except the grid is hidden. Select the Material Standard and Material Code based on the location of your project. Set the Justification to Top. Set the Shape to New rectangular. Click Create and select the grid points, as shown. The plate is created. Change the view orientation to top. Set the Shape to New polyline.

Change the orientation to SW Isometric. You notice that the platform is created at the bottom. Click the right mouse button on the bottom plate and select Properties. On the Properties palette, scroll down to the Structural section. You notice the structural properties of the plate. You can modify these properties. The bottom plate will be moved to the top.

Adding Stairs 1. Turn on the Orthomode on the status bar. Move the pointer up and type-in in the command line. Press Esc to deactivate the Line command. On the Stair Settings dialog, the boxes in the Geometry section define the dimensions of the stair set.

You can type-in the Stair width inside distance between the stairs and the Maximum tread distance distance between the steps. Leave the default settings in the Geometry section. In the Shape section, you can define the shape and size of the steps and stairs. To define the step geometry, click the button next to the Step data box. On the Select Step dialog, select the Tread standard based on the location of the project.

You can also select the User defined standard. Next, define the dimensions of the tread by selecting already existing configurations from the Tread shape section. You can also add a new configuration to this section. To do this, type-in values in the Dimensions section, and then click the Add button. Click OK on the Select Step dialog. Click the button next to the Stair shape box. On the Select Stair Shape dialog, you can define the shape standard, shape and size of the stair.

Note that you cannot change the orientation and material of the stairs. Leave the default settings on this dialog and click Select. Click OK on the Stair Settings dialog. On the Status bar, click the down-arrow next to the Object Snap icon and select Midpoint. Select the midpoint of the line to define the starting point of the stairs. Select the midpoint of the top edge of the platform to define the endpoint of the stair. Press Enter to create the stairs.

Select the stairs, and you notice the grips on it. You can use these grips to modify the stairs. You can also use the Structure Edit command to modify the stairs. Adding Railings 1. On the Railing Settings dialog, the boxes in the Geometry section define the distances between the elements of the railing.

On the dialog, you can view the image to get a better understanding of these parameters. For example, to define the shape of the handrail, click the button next to the Handrail box. On the Select Handrail Shape dialog, select the shape standard, shape, and size.

Click Select to return to the Railing Settings dialog. Leave the default settings on the Railing Settings dialog and click OK. Click Object in the command line and select the stairs. The railing is added to the stairs. You can also add a railing by selecting two points. Click 2Point in the command line and select start and end points of the railing. Likewise, create railings by selecting the structural members on the top platform.

Select the stairs and press Enter. Now, you can select the individual elements of the stairs. Select the structural members of the two stairs. The Trim member command trims them using the XY plane of the world coordinate system.

Adding Ladders 1. The model representation changes to line. On the Ladder Settings dialog, the boxes in the Geometry section define the dimensions between the ladder elements.

The Width and Exit width boxes define the starting and exit width of the ladder. The Projection box determines the extension of the ladder beyond the top point. The Rung distance determines the distance between the rungs. The Shape section defines the shapes and sizes of the ladder and rungs. For example, click the button next to the Ladder Shape box to change the shape of the ladder. On the Select Ladder Shape dialog, define the shape standard, shape and size of the ladder, and then click Select.

Click the Cage tab on the Ladder Settings dialog. On the Cage tab, check the Draw Cage option to create the ladder with a cage. This option avoids the worker from falling. The Start height box defines the starting point of the cage from the bottom.

The Maximum distance box determines the distance between the bands. The From top box determines the distance between the top ends of the ladder and cage. The Radius, Angle 1, Angle 2 boxes define the cage radius, angular locations of the frames on the cage. The Height and Width boxes define the size of the frames.

View the image available on the dialog to understand the parameters. Leave the default options and click OK. Activate the Orthomode on the status bar. Select the midpoint of the horizontal grid line between 2 and 3. Move the pointer up and choose the midpoint of the top platform. Move the pointer horizontally away from the grid up to a small range, and then www.

The Ladder command creates the ladder at the specified distance from the platform. Change the structure representation to Outline Model. Tutorial 8 Adding Equipment After creating the structural model, you can add process equipment.

The Plant 3D Classes section shows the 3D equipment mapped to the selected symbol. You notice the properties of the pump. On this dialog, you can control the symbols to which the 3D equipment is mapped.

Close the Project Setup dialog. Now, you need to place the pumps on the lower platform. Select the UCS and click on its origin point. Press Enter to create a new User Coordinate System. Change the structural representation to Symbol Model. On the Layers Properties Manager, create a new layer with the name Equipment and change its color to Index color Set the Equipment layer as current, and then close the Layers Properties Manager. The Equipment tab on the dialog has the general information and dimensions of the pump.

Click in the Tag box and the Assign Tag dialog appears. On the Assign Tag dialog, click in the Number box and select the button next to it. The number is entered in the box. Leave the default dimensions and click the Properties tab. Click Create on the dialog. Click between A and B, and rotate the pump by 90 degrees, as shown. Select the pump. Click on the midpoint of the horizontal structural member. Move the pointer downward and click to create the mirror line.

Click No in the command line. Select the mirrored pump to open the Assign Tag dialog. On the Assign Tag dialog, click in the Number box, and then click the button next to it. The number is entered in it. Click Assign to assign a tag. Activate the Create Equipment command.

Click the Equipment tab and select Torispheric Head under the Shapes section. The D box defines the diameter of the Torispheric head. Click in the Tag box under the General section.

The program assigns the tag TK to the vessel. Click in the space between 3 and 2 grid points. Rotate the vessel by 90 degrees and click. However, sometimes you may want to create equipment, which is not available in the library. In that case, you can use pre-defined shapes such as a rectangle, cylinder, elliptical head, and pyramid and so on to create a new equipment type. Change the view to SW Isometric. Select the UCS located on the second platform. Click on the origin of the UCS and move the pointer up.

The UCS is moved to the top platform. Change the view orientation to Top. The Shapes list appears empty. If not, select the existing shapes and click the Remove button.

Click the Add button and select Torispheric Head. Likewise, add other shapes using the Add button. Under Shapes, click Torispheric Head. This defines the diameter of the Torispheric head.

Under Shapes, click the Cylinder located at number 2 position. Likewise, change the dimensions of other shapes. The dimensions of all the shapes are given below. The program assigns the tag E to the heat exchanger. Click Create on the dialog and position the heat exchanger at the location shown.

Type-in 0 as the rotation angle and press Enter. The program changes the view style to 2D Wireframe. Define the first corner of the box, as shown. Click Length in the command line. Press Enter to create a box. Select the box and click the right mouse button. Select Copy Selection. Activate the Object Snap icon on the status bar and select the corner point of the box.

Press Enter to create a copy of the box. Using the Attach Equipment command 1. Select the Heat Exchanger. Select the two boxes below the heat exchanger and press Enter. The Attach Equipment command attaches the boxes to the heat exchanger.

To confirm this, select the heat exchanger, and you notice that the boxes are also selected. If you want to detach the objects attached to the equipment, activate the Detach www. Nozzles are used to create pipe connections. However, when you create new equipment using predefined shapes, the nozzles are not added to them.

You need to add nozzles manually to the equipment. Click on the heat exchanger and the nozzle symbol appears. It is called the Add Nozzle tool. Click on the Add Nozzle tool. The Add Nozzle dialog appears. On the Add Nozzle dialog, click the Change Type tab. On the Change Type tab, the top section is used to add nozzle tag. You can type-in the type and number values.

The data is stored in the project database. Type-in 13 in the Number box and click Close. Select the Straight Nozzle type. Select the RF nozzle from the list. Click Close and you notice that the nozzle is added to the Heat exchanger. Likewise, add other nozzles to the heat exchanger. On the dialog, click the Templates button and select Save current settings as template. Type-in Heat Exchanger in the File name box, and then click Save. Click OK to close the Create Equipment dialog.

Using the Convert Equipment command In addition to creating equipment using predefined shapes, you can create 3D models using the AutoCAD commands and convert them into equipment. For example, there is a cooler model, as shown. Select the 3D model and press Enter. On the Convert to Equipment dialog, select the equipment type. For this example, just select the Misc equipment type. Click Select, and then select a point on the 3D model to define the insertion point.

On the Modify Equipment dialog, enter values in the Equipment and Properties tabs. You can use the Templates button if you want to save this equipment for further use. Click OK to close the dialog. To add nozzles to the equipment, click on it and select the Add Nozzle tool. Select a point on the equipment to define the center of the nozzle. Move the pointer and click to define the direction of the nozzle.

On the Add Nozzle dialog, select the nozzle type and size. Click Close. Modifying Nozzles The nozzles that are added to the equipment may not be of the required size.

However, you can modify the nozzles to change the size and location. Zoom to the lower portion of the vessel. Click the Edit Nozzle tool pencil symbol. On the Modify Nozzle dialog, click the Tag button to expand the top section. Type-in 4 in the Number box. Click Close to hide the top portion. Click Close on the dialog. The nozzle tags should be N-1 and N Change the nozzle tags of the pumps using the Modify Nozzle dialog. Workspaces AutoCAD workspaces are sets of menus, toolbars and dockable windows such as the Properties palette, DesignCenter, and the Tool palettes window that are grouped and organized so that you can work in a custom, task-oriented drawing environment.

Click 3D Modeling and OK. For example, the top control panel contains commands that create and modify 3D solids; the second control panel contains commands and controls used to navigate 3D models. Click on one of the panels to expand the display to show a slide-out panel that has additional controls.

Choose View, Viewports, 4 Viewports. Choose View, Viewports, New Viewports 2. Click the dropdown option for Setup and click 3D. Choose Four: Right as the viewport option. Choose View, Named Views… 2. The compass represents a two dimensional globe. Choose View, 3D Views, point or 2. Click a point on the compass to define the viewing angle. Command: ddvpoint 3. Click OK. Type PLAN at the command prompt. Begin a new drawing using a 3D Modeling workspace. Choose View, Viewports, 2 Viewports.

In the plan view, draw a rectangle using in the LINE command. Select the object whose thickness you would like to change e. Choose Modify, Properties…or right click and choose Properties… 3. In the Properties dialog box type a new line thickness. The following result is a new line thickness for the selected object. Draw two circles at the new elevation. Type ELEV at the command prompt. Draw a new line to see the elevation and thickness settings.

Open a drawing with 3D objects and display in a 3D view. Choose View, Hide. Type HIDE at the command prompt. Choose View, Visual Styles and one of the following style options.

The selected visual style is indicated by a yellow border, and its settings are displayed in the panel below the sample images. Command: visualstyles 3. The rectangular grid supports perspective, can display major and minor grid lines, provides color options, and can automatically control the grid density when zooming in or out adaptive grid.

You can change the grid settings using the drafting settings dialog box. Change the adaptive grid settings 1. In addition to specifying X and Y values, you specify a Z value. Type 3DPoly at the command prompt. Similarly, when Ortho mode is turned on, you can lock the cursor to the Z direction. Press F11 or click OSnap Tracking on the status bar if it is not already on.

Press F10 or click Polar Tracking on the status bar if it is not already on. Open a drawing with 3D objects in it. Type MOVE at the command prompt. Command: circle 4. It also represents the current viewing direction relative to the XY plane. Noorigin Always displays the UCS at the lower left corner.

Properties Changes the display properties of the UCS icons s. Type UCS at the command prompt. ZAxis Allows you to define a new origin. Object Lets you define a new UCS by pointing at an object. Face Aligns the UCS to the selected face of a solid object. Open a drawing with a simple 3D object e. New entities that you draw will be in relation to this current UCS. When the dynamic UCS is active, specified points, and drawing tools, such as polar tracking and the grid, are all relative to the temporary UCS established by the dynamic UCS.

Type any draw command. Command: circle 3. Move the cursor to the face of the 3D object that you would like to draw on. Click to begin drawing your new object. You can view your entire drawing or select one or more objects before starting the command. When 3DORBIT is active, the target of the view stays stationary and the camera location, or point of view, moves around the target. However, from the user's point of view, it appears as if the 3D model is turning as the mouse cursor is dragged.

In this way, you can specify any view of the model. Open a drawing with 3D objects. Choose View, Orbit, Constrained Orbit. Type 3D Orbit at the command prompt. Command: 3DOrbit 4. Click and drag to move your object in 3D. Click with the right mouse button while in the 3D Orbit command. Choose Zoom Window from the pop-up menu. Zoom to a new area of the 3D drawing.

Choose Zoom Previous or Zoom Extents from the pop-up menu. Pan 1. Choose Other Navigation Modes from the pop-up menu. Choose Pan. Pan to a new area of the drawing. Choose Constrained Orbit to set the mode back to orbit. Choose Perspective. Perspective view displays objects in perspective so that all parallel lines converge at one point. Objects appear to recede into the distance, and parts of the objects appear larger and closer to you.

The shapes are some what distorted when the object is very close. This view correlates more closely to what your eye sees. Parallel view displays objects so that two parallel lines in a drawing never con verge at a single point. The shapes in your drawing always remain the same and do not appear distorted when they are closer. Choose Visual Styles from the pop-up menu. Choose Visual Aids from the pop-up menu.

Choose Preset Views from the pop-up menu. Choose one of the following standard 3D views. Choose View, Orbit, Free Orbit. The 3D Orbit Arcball appears. Click on one of the 3D Orbit arcball locations to move the display of your object s. Choose View, Orbit, Continuous Orbit. Click and drag to define the direction and speed of a continuous orbit for your object s. Press ESC on the keyboard to stop the orbit. Choose Other Navigational Modes from the pop-up menu.

Choose one of the following modes. Adjust Distance 4 Simulates moving the camera closer to the object or farther away. Swivel 5 Changes the cursor to an arched arrow and simulates the effect of swiveling the camera. Walk 6 Changes the cursor to a plus sign and enables you to "walk through" a model at a fixed height above the XY plane, by dynamically controlling the location and target of the camera.

Fly 7 Changes the cursor to a plus sign and enables you to "fly through" a model without being restricted to a fixed height above the XY plane. See 3DFLY. Works like the Adjust Distance option. Choose View, Create Camera.

You can also view the camera using the view option when creating the camera. Choose View, Named Views. Zoom out until you see the camera in your 3D view. Click once on a camera in your view. The Camera Preview dialog box will show the view from the chosen camera. In a 3D isometric view, double click a camera. Choose View, Display, Cameras. Plotting a Camera 1. If cameras are not already displayed in the drawing, click View, Display, Cameras.

Double-click a camera. Choose View,Camera, Adjust Distance. Click and drag to zoom in or out about the camera, Swivel a Camera 1. Choose View, Camera, Swivel. Camera location using. When you walk through a model, you travel along the XY plane.

Create a camera anywhere in the drawing and set the view to that camera. Choose View, Walk and Fly, and Walk. Type 3DWalk or 3DFky at the command prompt. Command: 3Dwalk 5. The following walk and fly navigation mapping settings appear. Briefly look at the navigation keys, then choose close. Press the Up, Down, Left, and Right keys on the keyboard to see how the camera location moves in the drawing and Position Locator dialog box. Move the camera and target in the Position Locator dialog box.

Close the Position Locator dialog box and try walking and flying using only the keys on the keyboard and mouse. Command: walkflysettings 3. Choose one of the following settings from the Walk and Fly dialog box. If you are working in a drawing with a large architectural scale, be sure to set your drawing units to a large number, similar to the scale of the drawing.

Open a drawing with 3D objects and display in a 3D view and line or polyline representing a path for an animation 2. Choose View, Motion Path Animations.

Command: anipath 4. Click Select Path under the Link camera to: option and click on the line or polyline path. Click OK to the default path name. Click Select Path under the Link target to: option and click on the line or polyline path. Change other animation settings such as the frames per second, duration, resolution, etc.

Choose the Preview…button to preview your animation. Close the animation preview and click OK to create an animation file. Play your animation in a Windows or MacIntosh video review application. Choose Tools, Palettes, Dashboard. There are no surfaces in a wireframe model; it consists only of points, lines, and curves that describe the edges of the object. Because each object that makes up a wireframe model must be independently drawn and positioned, this type of modeling can be the most time-consuming.

The AutoCAD surface modeler defines faceted surfaces using a polygonal mesh. Because the faces of the mesh are planar, the mesh can only approximate curved surfaces. With the AutoCAD solid modeler, you can make 3D objects by creating basic 3D shapes: boxes, cones, cylinders, spheres, wedges, and tori do- nuts.

You can then combine these shapes to create more complex solids by joining or subtracting them or finding their intersecting over- lapping volume. You can also create solids by sweeping a 2D object along a path or revolving it about an axis.

You can specify different Z coordinates for each corner point of a 3D face. Entering i or invisible before the first point of an edge makes the edge invisible. Type EDGE at the command prompt. Type Revsurf at the command prompt.

Type Surftab1 at the command prompt. Type Surftab2 at the command prompt. Choose Draw, Modeling, and one of the following solid primitives. A polysolid can have curved segments, but the profile is always rectangular by default.

Open a drawing with a closed 2D polyline and display in a 3D view. Choose Draw, Modeling, Polysolid. Begin a new drawing. Choose Draw, Helix. Choose Draw, Modeling, Extrude. Choose Draw, Modeling, Revolve.